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Modern energy storage systems using lithium-ion batteries can provide excellent performance, but each battery must be closely monitored to ensure proper charging and avoid battery imbalance, overcharging, deep discharge, or critical temperature. This requires providing separate, isolated power supply voltage control circuits for each unit or unit array. For battery arrays with a nominal voltage of up to 48V, standard industrial DC/DC power converter modules that provide 500V or 1600V isolation barriers can be used to generate this power voltage.

But for higher power systems connected to AC power sources and providing energy storage capacity of hundreds or even megawatt hours, the voltage on the battery array can reach 600-800V and a solution with higher isolation barriers is required.

Low isolation capacitance enhances noise resistance
P-DUKE has a medical power converter series with a 5kV isolation barrier, even higher than the required 4kV. For this project, MPD30-24S12 was selected, which can generate the necessary 12V/30W power voltage from the common 24Vdc bus.

The input and output capacitance of a typical industrial 30W DC/DC power converter can reach up to 1500pF. When up to 200 converters are connected in parallel, the total capacitance between the battery unit (connected to the AC grid through a charger) and the 24V bus can reach 300nF, resulting in an AC leakage current exceeding 20mA. A current exceeding 10mA may cause serious electric shock and accidents.

The input and output capacitance of MPD30-24S12 is only 20pF, and the total capacitance after 200 converters are connected in parallel is only 4nF, with a leakage current of less than 1mA.
This very low capacitance also avoids transient or any noise coupling from the AC/battery side converter to the sensitive communication signals of the central battery management system.
Through this solution, the requirements for 4kV isolation and low leakage current have been resolved.

For communication throughout the installation, the central BMS controller uses a WiFi router and is powered by a 25W 53V power supply via Ethernet. According to the final installation, the power supply voltage can be generated by a 230Vac main power supply or an internal 24Vdc bus. For 230Vac, TSD30 series converters can be used. It also offers a Din rail version for easy installation in the controller rack.

Large battery storage systems benefit from the application of P-DUKE products:
The MPD30/MPD30W series is a series of 30W DC/DC power converters with enhanced 5000Vac isolation voltage, which can meet the requirements of medical applications. They have different input voltage ranges and provide single or dual output. This series complies with the 2MOPP standard, with an electrical clearance and creepage distance of 8 millimeters. This makes them suitable not only for medical devices, but also for other applications that require high isolation and extremely low input/output capacitance.

The TSD30 series is a ready to use AC/DC solution suitable for Din rail applications. Like the RCD30W series, it provides different output voltages and installation options for various applications.

As the Global Executive Vice President of Schneider Electric’s Systems and Services Business, Gao Feike’s goal for this trip is clear – for the energy transformation that is currently undergoing significant changes, he hopes to understand the new landscape reshaped by the global energy transformation through on-site visits and localized communication and close observation, especially the current application status of China’s electric vehicle charging and energy storage technology.

Recently, Gao Feike accepted an interview with First Financial, sharing his views on energy transformation, the challenges faced by current energy development, the opportunities hidden in China, and the emerging circular economy.

The global energy transformation is in its second stage, and the deep integration of digital and electrification technologies is the key to winning the battle

Gaofeike has a clear timeline in his mind regarding the global energy transformation process.

He believes that the global energy transition can be divided into three stages: the first stage is a significant increase in awareness, that is, the stage of starting to replace traditional energy with renewable energy; The second stage is the practical stage of applying new energy and large-scale electrification; The third stage is ten years later, when more emphasis is placed on systematic and balanced development. The global energy transformation has now entered the second stage with the goal of improving quality and efficiency.

In Gao Feike’s view, the biggest feature of the second stage of energy transformation is that it touches the demand side and reconstructs the relationship between electricity supply and consumers by changing the original energy supply mode. The power grid architecture originally designed for fossil fuels will be revitalized by various electrification and digital solutions, more in line with the demand for new energy generation, and a new market with highly flexible matching between energy supply and demand will be formed.

Gaofeike emphasized that the second stage is the beginning of truly realizing the process and demand side electrification transformation. There is a consensus within Schneider Electric that tapping into the potential for demand side regulation and continuously promoting the deep integration of digital and electrification technologies are key to winning the battle of energy transformation. Building a new type of power system is an important driving force and guarantee for China’s energy transformation and achieving the “dual carbon” goals. As an expert in the field of energy management, Schneider Electric believes that focusing on the energy demand side can not only better serve the supply side structural reform, but also provide more sufficient and flexible resources and impetus for promoting energy transformation due to its wide range of industries and high degree of marketization.

As for the third stage of energy transformation, Gaofeike is expected to arrive in about 10 years. Compared to the second stage, the third stage will focus more on the balance of the entire system. This does not mean that we should not start considering the establishment of a balanced and flexible power grid system now, but we must first achieve large-scale electrification.

China leads the global energy transformation with challenges and opportunities
“I am confident that China is in a leading position and plays a crucial role in the global energy transition.”
Gaofeike has a keen insight into the latest trends in China’s energy transformation. According to his observation, in China, new energy or “Electricity 4.0” has gradually begun to scale up and more energy storage systems have been introduced to balance the entire power grid. In 2023, China’s ability to build renewable energy is impressive, surpassing any other country in terms of construction scale.

As Gao Feike said, the installed capacity of renewable energy generation in China in 2023 has historically exceeded that of thermal power, with more than half of the world’s new installed capacity added throughout the year. This year’s Government Work Report further proposes to “deepen the energy revolution, control fossil energy consumption, and accelerate the construction of a new energy system.”.

In addition, the Clean Energy Market Monitoring report released by the International Energy Agency in early March this year showed that China is a leader in the global renewable energy sector, and clean energy technology continues to lead significantly globally. Multiple international think tanks and media outlets also believe that China is at the forefront of the world in the field of renewable energy, and its pace of replacing carbon based energy with renewable energy is faster than many experts had anticipated.

With the continuous promotion of high-quality development in China, energy is facing historic transformation and innovation opportunities. Traditional energy has been replaced by new energy, and energy needs to be deeply and widely integrated with information technology. The physical grid needs to become a smart grid, while also becoming a digital grid. Energy transformation is not only about low-carbon energy structure, but also involves the establishment of a new energy power system and new operating mechanisms, namely the energy system revolution.

Gao Feike stated that on the one hand, benefiting from its scale advantage, China’s investment in renewable energy is faster than the global average; On the other hand, China is also at the forefront of demand side transformation in the transportation sector. As is well known, the penetration rate of electric vehicles in China is high, and energy storage facilities are rapidly becoming popular. Therefore, large-scale testing of the “future power grid” can be conducted here, and new solutions can be created in a variety of application scenarios. In Gao Feike’s view, this is an excellent opportunity for China.

Of course, China and even the world face the challenge of finding a suitable supply chain and sufficient supply capacity for energy transformation. To truly achieve decarbonization, electricity consumption will double, which requires building a complete industrial chain. In the future, every country will pursue electrification, which means that each country needs to ensure that it has sufficient production capacity.

Focusing on power grid construction, Gao Feike believes that the current challenge is to provide power or strengthen the power grid in areas with previously low electricity demand. For example, nowadays, fast charging stations along highways take 20-30 minutes to charge cars. However, during the Spring Festival travel period in China, there may be concentrated outbreaks of charging demand in some areas. This requires strengthening power grid construction and energy storage utilization, creating a high resilience and flexibility power grid to meet the charging needs of different regions and different time periods.

In addition, the other two challenges of power grid construction are the correct use of energy storage and DC systems, as well as optimizing the output of the power grid at every moment. He believes that these challenges are not insurmountable, but require execution. Schneider Electric has a large number of products and solutions related to strengthening the security and resilience of the power grid, which can ensure the safety of the power grid and improve the efficiency of distribution management.

In his view, the Chinese market is very unique for Schneider Electric, and the model of working together with local partners for development can be considered unique in the global market. We have confidence in the local supply market, and Schneider Electric will mainly focus on core technology and digital innovation, which can help our partners deploy solutions. Through the ecological network established with many partners, Schneider Electric will integrate technology and digital elements into their solutions, thereby jointly serving the market.

Returning to China after four years, China’s level of innovation has also left a deep impression on Gaofeike. During his visits to enterprises, he witnessed China’s innovative capabilities in cutting-edge fields such as energy storage and electric vehicle charging, as well as the latest achievements of Schneider Electric’s collaboration with local Chinese partners to explore innovation boundaries. In early March, Schneider Electric reached a partnership with Shuimu Mingtuo (Damao) Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. As Schneider Electric’s world’s first full process optimization business from green electricity to green hydrogen and then to green ammonia, both parties will use digital twin technology to connect the power and process flow, and explore the full process optimization from green electricity to green hydrogen and then to green ammonia through dynamic joint simulation and simulation of electric hydrogen and ammonia.

In the words of Gao Feike, “such a heavyweight project has landed first in China. It not only recognizes Schneider Electric’s cutting-edge exploration capabilities, but also demonstrates the enormous potential of China’s renewable energy industry.”. In the eyes of him and many members of the management team who came to China this time, China’s introduction of visa free policies for many European countries is also a sign of China’s active openness and promotion of global cooperation. With these as footnotes, everything is possible for Schneider Electric and China’s future.

Preface:
Emerson, a giant enterprise in the field of industrial automatic control, has always been a backbone of industrial control hardware and software. As one of Emerson’s important products, intelligent platform discrete control products hold a large share in China.

However, due to the constantly changing market demand and rapid technological progress, Emerson’s intelligent platform products are also constantly evolving. In this situation, we need to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of intelligent platform products, including discontinued and on sale models, as well as the programming software and communication protocols they use.

This article will introduce the history and development of Emerson’s intelligent platform, provide a detailed explanation of how the intelligent platform went from GE to Emerson, provide a detailed explanation of its discontinued and commercially available intelligent platform models, and test the communication protocol of the intelligent platform through experiments. At the same time, we will also discuss the programming software of PLC and how to address the security threats of intelligent platforms in practical applications.

1. Emerson DAUT
Emerson is a global technology and software company that provides innovative solutions for important industries worldwide. Industrial control products and solutions mainly belong to Emerson DAUT.

Emerson DAUT (Discrete Automation Technology) is headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. DAUT has a wide range of applications in industrial control and automation, and its control system department produces multiple PLC product lines, including PACSystems RX3i, VersaMax PLC, VersaMax micro, etc. Mainly used in the oil and gas industry, mining and metal industry, power and renewable energy industry, shipbuilding industry, water treatment industry, subway and tunnel industry, intelligent manufacturing industry, etc.

2. GE Intelligent Platforms
General Electric Company, abbreviated as GE, was founded by Thomas Eddie in 1892. Its main business areas include aviation, electricity, healthcare, railways, oil and gas, and its business covers the world. GE’s intelligent platforms (departments) mainly include industrial control products and solutions.

GE Intelligent Platform is a global enterprise headquartered in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. It is a subsidiary of GE and mainly provides users with automation control software, control and communication solutions, as well as military and aerospace embedded systems. GE Intelligent Platform is a software, hardware, service, and professional technology supplier in the field of automation and embedded computing worldwide.

3. Introduction to GE Fanuc
GE Fanuc is a part of GE’s Control Systems department, established in 1998. Its main business covers industrial automation, control systems, PLCs, and configuration software. Its products can be used in various industrial fields including automation, process automation, national defense, automotive manufacturing, communication, medical, and aerospace.
GE Fanuc is the world’s first to launch the PAC system as a new generation control system.

What is the difference between PAC and PLC based on historical background analysis and multiple occurrences of PAC?
The main difference between PACs and PLCs lies in the firmness and reliability of the product. Specifically, the performance of PLCs mainly depends on hardware, and the execution of programs mainly relies on hardware chips, which limits the functional prospects and openness of the system. PLC is a proprietary operating system, and compared to general real-time operating systems, its reliability and functionality are limited, which leads to the specificity and closure of the overall performance of PLC.
The performance of PACs is based on their lightweight control engine, using a standard, universal, and open real-time operating system, embedded hardware system design, and not relying on hardware chips. Their software performance is superior to PLCs The performance of PAC is based on its lightweight control engine, standard, universal, and open real-time operating system, embedded hardware system design, and backplane bus.

SafeMove2 is ABB’s second-generation safety controller product for robots, aimed at ensuring personnel and equipment safety, promoting human/robot collaboration, and providing users with lean, flexible, and more cost-effective robot solutions. Its powerful configuration tools greatly reduce debugging time and provide flexible safety features such as rated speed and position monitoring, enabling dangerous applications such as X-ray inspection and laser cutting.

For the safety range of Safemove2, nodes can be manually added based on the layout in RobotStudio, and specific positions can be adjusted manually by dragging and dropping.

Usually, the safety range should be based on the actual operating trajectory of the robot, set as small as possible, that is, the safety range only needs to include the robot’s trajectory working range (including end tools, upper arms, etc.).

Safemove2 provides the function of automatically generating a safe range based on the robot’s trajectory. The effect is as follows.

Specific usage method:
1. Create robot trajectories in robotstudio.
2. Enter the safemove2 settings interface and click on step 1 in the following image: Record Simulation
3. Click on the simulation trajectory to play (step 2)
After the simulation is completed, the safety zone and safety range icons become operable.
5. Click on “Safe Zone” and select the tool position monitoring. If the tool and elbow joint are selected (provided that the body geometry wrapping has been set), the minimum area based on the tool wrapping and body wrapping motion range will be generated.

If you choose tool only, only the range based on the tool package will be generated.

It can also automatically generate maximum speed monitoring and configuration of each axis range (safety range) for TCP and 3-axis monitoring points.

As the core component of robot driving applications, the development of power semiconductor devices has always been a focus of industry attention. As a pioneer in modern power semiconductor devices, Mitsubishi Electric has always taken it as its responsibility to provide high-precision and reliable products to the market, striving to meet and lead new market demands with cutting-edge technology.

It is reported that in the future, robot servo drive technology will develop towards two major trends – multi axis servo drive solutions and high power density design. This also means that the market will require power modules with more features, lower losses, more compact appearance, and higher integration level.

Therefore, Mitsubishi Electric has launched three power module solutions for different power ranges of servo drives: CIB-IGBT solution, IPM solution, and DIPIPM solution ™/ DIPIPM+ ™ Plan.
The 7th generation IGBT CIB solution launched by Mitsubishi Electric has the characteristics of integrated packaging (SLC), ultra-low stray inductance, and excellent thermal cycling life. It uses a single substrate to reduce binding lines; The thickness of the copper sheet has increased, optimizing the wiring width; Using DP resin to reduce mechanical stress between binding wires and silicon wafers; Removed the welding layer and removed the weak points of thermal cycling.

At present, Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductor has launched an IPM module based on the 7th generation IGBT chip technology, which integrates a driver IC inside the module to adjust the driving current to change the dv/dt under different currents, making it easy to design system EMI; Collaborate with optimized driver ICs to identify fault types and facilitate system design and debugging; Adopting SLC packaging technology and optimizing the packaging materials of modules to improve module lifespan and reliability.

“The 7th generation IPM has low loss, low EMI noise, identifiable fault signals, and long thermal cycle life, making it particularly suitable for servo drive of high-end multi axis robots,” Director Song summarized.

Among them, the G1 series is compatible with the G series IPM packaging size, with built-in 7th generation IGBT/FWD chips with lower losses, and adopts a new packaging technology for better reliability; In addition, the new driver circuit further reduces losses and EMI noise. The control terminals of the G1 series are compatible with the G/L1 series and can use the same interface circuit. The main functions are the driver circuit and protection circuit.

In terms of packaging technology, the G1 series of the 7th generation IPM has a thinner and more compact packaging, with a volume reduction of 18-31%; A-type packaging is more suitable for flexible layout applications, such as the G1 series which offers two types of terminals to choose from.

In order to meet the application needs of the frequency conversion market (high reliability, low cost, miniaturization, etc.), Mitsubishi has developed a series of DIPIPMTM products. It is a dual inline packaging IPM with built-in HVIC, making its peripheral circuits simpler and cost saving. It is now widely used in products including household appliances, small frequency converters, industrial servos, etc.

It can be said that Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductor is a pioneer in die casting die packaging of IPM products. For different applications, Mitsubishi Electric continuously optimizes power silicon wafers, has the widest product line, and has accumulated rich experience in IPM. Its products maintain high cost-effectiveness while ensuring high reliability and low failure rate.

Since 1921, Mitsubishi Electric has been continuously launching generation after generation of products with better performance and higher cost-effectiveness, focusing on five major application areas: variable frequency household appliances, industry, new energy, rail traction, and electric vehicles, with product research and technological innovation as the original intention. Now, Mitsubishi Electric’s DIPIPM is being developed and launched ™️ It has become an indispensable and important component of the field of variable frequency household appliances, and its HVIGBT module for high-speed locomotives has also become an industry recognized standard.

As a pioneer in modern power semiconductor devices, Mitsubishi Electric is driven by a spirit of continuous innovation, empowering through technology and speaking with products. Under the goal of improving production efficiency, providing high-quality products, and meeting environmental development needs, Mitsubishi Electric will continue to match the development needs of China’s industrial automation transformation and upgrading with finely crafted products.

Starting from the end of the century and emerging in Huazhi – entering a new stage of green energy: Since the early 20th century, Norshepin, Sweden has been a gathering place for major turbine and pump manufacturers. More than a hundred years later, a small company called Againity joined them in 2013, and now the company is disrupting the energy production sector and pursuing a greener future.

The story of Againity begins at the end of the day, and everything stems from the personal dreams of its founder David Fryker å s. In order to fully utilize the energy loss in industrial processes, he established Aging. This company has found a method to convert hot water into electricity and district heating, with a system efficiency of up to 99%.

Againity’s patented ORC turbine can fully utilize various low-temperature waste heat and convert it into stable and renewable electricity. Both hot water boilers in heating plants and waste heat from industrial processes can become sources of energy for their power generation. Even if the temperature difference is only 30 degrees Celsius, it can still drive this special type of ORC turbine to generate electricity. Moreover, Againity’s ORC turbine power generation system adopts a modular design, with electrical power ranging from 100kWe to 560kWe.

“Network security is crucial in these applications, and ABB’s PLC can provide a very high level of security protection,” said Rickard Haglund, Automation Manager at Againity

The reliable operation of all equipment components is crucial, as ideally, the turbine should always remain in operation, and in the event of a run out of hot water supply, the components can limit their performance to prevent shutdown. The CPU of the AC500 PLC fully utilizes its integrated floating-point unit and uses a sixth degree polynomial to continuously perform advanced thermodynamic calculations, ensuring the continuous operation of the turbine and monitoring overheating and underheating conditions.

Rickard added, “ABB’s programming software provides tools for simplifying programming. It is important for us to download program changes online as they can be completed during operation without the need for downtime.”

Automation Builder uses structured text for advanced computational programming, and programs the main program in Continuous Function Diagram (CFC) to provide an overview of the entire process, making it an ideal tool for Agarity ORC turbines.

Againity’s ORC turbines can be deployed in different locations, such as treatment plants containing residual gases, regional heating stations, etc. Nowadays, many Aging turbines have been put into operation in Sweden, Norway, Finland, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Greenland.

The use of DCS process alarm classification control plays a crucial role in the safety of the site. According to relevant data surveys, the selection of alarms has a significant impact on the level of alarm safety factor. When using this technology, attention should be paid to the selection of alarms.

This article proposes several principles for selecting alarms through the study of different control systems, ensuring that alarms can fully play their role in the system.

The hierarchical control technology can ensure that alarms in different areas are independent. Different alarms are used for alarm monitoring in each area, which can ensure timely alarm in case of abnormal situations within the detection range to attract the attention of operators.

DCS process alarm classification control technology can effectively improve the safety of the operation site, effectively ensuring the safety of construction personnel and enterprises. This article is based on the concept and characteristics of DCS, and studies the application of toxic and harmful gas alarms and key operating parameter alarms, in order to provide reference for scholars in this field.

1. DCS multi-layer hierarchical control system

The basic design concept of DCS is to adopt the idea of decentralized control, centralized operation and management, and achieve a multi-level hierarchical control and cooperative structure. At present, it is mainly used in fields such as metallurgy, power, and petrochemicals.

DCS is a system that implements multi-layer hierarchical control, which has two basic hierarchical links during use: on-site control unit and operation station.

DCS basic grading process

● On site control unit:

A control system that is used near the site and is far away from the control center, and can monitor and control the site based on the DCS’s own structure. The use of on-site control units requires the preparation of different devices, such as configuration plugins, which are configured according to the requirements of the system with corresponding central processing unit plugins, power plugins, and communication plugins, laying the foundation for later hierarchical control;

Redundancy configuration is one of the important links in hierarchical control systems, and during the configuration process, it is necessary to implement redundant configuration for host plugins, power plugins, and communication plugins; Implementing on-site hierarchical control and monitoring requires adding DCS to different hardware to ensure the reliability of hierarchical control.

● Operation station:

The operation station records and displays different data in the control system, which is a place for displaying human-computer interaction. Commonly used operation stations include host control, display devices, and keyboard input devices, which are mainly used for manual operation recording and feedback. It mainly realizes various important functions such as displaying different data, alarms, and operations.

2. Application of DCS process alarm classification control technology

Toxic and harmful gas alarm

Through the study of different DCS process alarm classification control technologies, it has been found that the DCS devices used in current on-site work mainly detect and alarm toxic, harmful, and flammable gases. When these gases are detected, an alarm will be triggered. The alarms on the market have diverse characteristics, and to ensure the normal operation of DCS, standardized alarms should be used.

In the process of selecting alarms, the following rules should be noted:

● It must be able to provide power supply for monitoring toxic and harmful gases and other connecting components;

●Being able to emit appropriate alarm signals after detecting toxic and harmful gases until someone discovers them, greatly improving the effectiveness of the alarm function;

●The range of combustible gas monitoring should be within the normal explosion range;

●Adapt to the concentration and measurement range of toxic and harmful gases, ensuring the detection of harmful gases within the normal range;

●Indicating alarm equipment is quite important and the key to determining whether it can alarm correctly. In the process of selection and purchase, alarm equipment with fire protection and interlocking protection functions should be selected;

●The alarm should have independent monitoring and alarm functions, ensuring that each alarm only monitors toxic and harmful gases within its scope of responsibility;

●The installed alarm should have a continuous alarm function. If toxic and harmful gas leaks are found during use, the alarm function should be activated. When the concentration decreases, the alarm also needs to continue to sound to ensure timely detection of toxic and harmful gas leaks.

Alarm is the key to alarm classification control technology. In the use of modern DCS process alarm classification control technology, responsible personnel can select and use alarms based on the above principles to ensure the safety and standardization of the control site.

Key operating parameter alarm

Each parameter in the DCS process alarm classification control technology using computer control systems needs to be strictly set and controlled. If the parameters are too high or too low, it will cause incalculable losses to the site. It is required to achieve the accuracy and standardization of alarm parameters through strict data analysis when setting alarm parameters.

When setting the alarm mode, a pop-up window or voice alarm can be used to effectively increase the attention of staff, provide the best solution time for staff, and avoid more serious accidents and losses.

Pop up alarm mode

When setting up pop-up alarms, the operator achieves the accuracy of the alarm process through on-site monitoring and control. The pop-up window should be set in the center position of the control display page, making it convenient for the staff to pay attention to the location of the alarm and the direction of the problem at the first time, providing more preparation time for the operator to effectively solve the problems that occur during the process;

● Voice alarm method

The use of voice alarm function requires staff to record the voice alarm in advance according to possible situations on site, and play the alarm information through the computer’s voice output function.

1. Used for switch quantity control

The ability of PLC to control switch quantities is very strong. The number of input and output points controlled can range from a few dozen or tens of points, to several hundred, thousands, or even tens of thousands. Due to its ability to connect to the internet, the number of points is almost unlimited, and no matter how many points are controlled, the logic problems controlled can be diverse: combination, timing, real-time, delayed, non counting, counting, fixed order, random work, and so on, all of which can be carried out.

The hardware structure of PLC is variable, and the software program is programmable, making it very flexible when used for control. If necessary, multiple sets or groups of programs can be written and called as needed. It is very suitable for the needs of multiple working conditions and state transitions in industrial sites.

There are many examples of using PLC for switch quantity control, which are needed in almost all industrial industries such as metallurgy, machinery, light industry, chemical industry, textile, etc. At present, the primary goal of PLC is incomparable to other controllers, which is that it can be conveniently and reliably used for switch quantity control.

2. Used for analog control

Analog quantities, such as current, voltage, temperature, pressure, etc., vary continuously in magnitude. Industrial production, especially continuous production processes, often requires control over these physical quantities.

As an industrial control electronic device, if PLC cannot control these quantities, it is a major drawback. Therefore, various PLC manufacturers are conducting extensive development in this area. At present, not only large and medium-sized computers can perform analog control, but even small computers can also perform such control. PLC should be equipped with A/D and D/A units for converting analog and digital signals for analog control. It is also an I/O unit, but a special I/O unit.

The A/D unit converts analog signals from external circuits into digital signals and sends them to the PLC; The D/A unit converts the digital signals of the PLC into analog signals and sends them to the external circuit. As a special type of I/O unit, it still has characteristics such as anti-interference of I/O circuits, isolation of internal and external circuits, and exchange of information with input/output relays (or internal relays, which are also an area of PLC working memory that can be read and written).

The A in A/D here mostly refers to current, voltage, and also temperature. A in D/A is mostly voltage or current. The range of voltage and current variation is mostly 0-5V, 0-10V, 4-20mA, and some can also handle positive and negative values. The D here is mostly an 8-bit binary number for small computers, and a 12 bit binary number for medium and large computers. A/D and D/A have both single and multiple channels. There are multiple input and output relays that occupy multiple channels. With A/D and D/A units, the remaining processing is all digital, which is not difficult for PLCs with information processing capabilities. Medium and large PLCs have stronger processing capabilities. They can not only add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers, but also perform square root and interpolation. They can also perform floating-point operations, and some even have PID instructions. They can perform proportional, differential, and integral operations on deviation measures, thereby generating corresponding outputs. Computers can calculate almost everything they can. In this way, it is completely possible to achieve analog control using PLC.

PLC performs analog control, and there are units combining A/D and D/A, which can be controlled using PID or fuzzy control algorithms to achieve high control quality. The advantage of using PLC for analog control is that while analog control is being carried out, the switch quantity can also be controlled. This advantage is not possessed by other controllers, or the implementation of control is not as convenient as PLC. Of course, if the system is purely analog, using a PLC may not be as cost-effective as using a regulator.

3. Used for motion control

The actual physical quantities include not only switch quantities and analog quantities, but also motion control. The displacement of machine tool components is often expressed in numerical quantities. The effective method for motion control is NC, which is digital control technology. This is a computer-based control technology born in the United States in the 1950s. It is already very popular and well-established today. At present, the CNC rate of metal cutting machine tools in advanced countries has exceeded 40% to 80%, and some even higher. PLC is also based on computer technology and is becoming increasingly sophisticated. PLC can receive counting pulses with frequencies ranging from a few k to several tens of k hertz, which can be received in multiple ways and can also be received in multiple channels. Some PLCs also have pulse output function, and the pulse frequency can reach several tens of k. With these two functions, coupled with PLC’s data processing and computing capabilities, if equipped with corresponding sensors (such as rotary encoders) or pulse servo devices, various controls can be fully implemented according to the principle of NC. High and mid-range PLCs are also developed with NC units or motion units, which can achieve point control. The motion unit can also achieve curve interpolation and control curve motion. So, if the PLC is configured with this type of unit, it is entirely possible to use the NC method for digital quantity control. The newly developed motion unit even released a programming language for NC technology, providing convenience for better digital control using PLC.

4. Used for data collection

With the development of PLC technology, its data storage area is becoming larger and larger. For example, the data storage area (DM area) of Kewei Company’s PLC can reach 9999 words. This vast data storage area can store a large amount of data. Data collection can use a counter to accumulate and record the number of pulses collected, and periodically transfer them to the DM area. Data collection can also be done using A/D units. After converting analog signals into digital signals, they are periodically stored in the DM area. The PLC can also be configured with a small printer to regularly print out data from the DM area.

PLC can also communicate with computers, and the data in the DM area is read out by the computer and then processed by the computer. At this point, the PLC becomes the data terminal of the computer.

Power users have used PLC to record their electricity consumption in real-time, in order to achieve different charging methods for different electricity usage times and pricing, and encourage users to use more electricity during low electricity consumption periods, achieving the goal of reasonable and energy-saving electricity consumption.

5. Used for signal monitoring

There are many self-test signals and internal components in PLC, and most users have not fully utilized their functions. In fact, it can be fully used to monitor the PLC’s own work or to monitor the controlled objects. For a complex control system, especially an automatic control system, monitoring and even further self diagnosis are very necessary. It can reduce system failures, make it easy to find faults, increase the cumulative average time between failures, reduce fault repair time, and improve system reliability.

6. Used for networking and communication

PLC has strong networking and communication capabilities, and new networking structures are constantly being introduced.

PLC can be connected to personal computers for communication, and computers can participate in programming and control the management of PLC, making it more convenient to use.

In order to fully utilize the role of computers, a single computer can be used to control and manage multiple PLCs, up to 32 of which can be used. A PLC can also communicate with two or more computers to exchange information and achieve multiple monitoring of the PLC control system. PLC and PLC can also communicate, with one-on-one PLC communication and several PLCs communication, up to tens or hundreds.

PLC, intelligent instruments, and intelligent execution devices (such as frequency converters) can also be networked for communication, data exchange, and mutual operation. It can be connected into a remote control system, with a system range of up to 10 kilometers or more. It can form a local network, not only PLC, but also high-end computers and various intelligent devices can enter the network. It can be either a bus network or a ring network. The net can also be fitted with a net. Networks can also be bridged. Networking can organize thousands of PLCs, computers, and intelligent devices into one network. Nodes between networks can communicate and exchange information directly or indirectly.

Networking and communication are meeting the needs of today’s computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) and the development of intelligent factories. It can enable industrial control from point to line and then to Aero, connecting equipment level control, production line control, and factory management control as a whole, thereby creating higher efficiency. This infinitely beautiful prospect has become increasingly clear in front of our generation.

The above points of application are emphasized from a qualitative perspective. In terms of quantity, PLCs come in both large and small sizes. So its control range can also be large or small. Small ones only control one device, even one component, one site; Large ones can control multiple devices, one production line, and even the entire factory. It can be said that PLC is indispensable in various occasions of industrial control.

Product Introduction:

The GE Genius bus data optical terminal supports a speed of 153.6K and a speed of 153.6K. It has an industrial terminal interface, supports single/dual optical port chain networks, and supports the GE Genius protocol. 35mm rail installation, DC9-30V power supply.

Product classification:

field bus

Product Introduction

The GE Genius bus data optical terminal supports a speed of 153.6K and a speed of 153.6K. It has an industrial terminal interface, supports single/dual optical port chain networks, and supports the GE Genius protocol. 35mm rail installation, DC9-30V power supply Ci-gf120 supports two cascaded uplink and downlink fiber optic interfaces, one data interface, while Ci-gf110 supports one fiber optic interface and one data interface.

Features:

1. Support the GE Genius industrial control fieldbus protocol.

2. The communication speed supports 153.6K.

3. Fiber optic communication can reach a distance of up to 60KM.

4. The interface adopts industrial terminals, providing convenience for on-site wiring.

5. The electrical interface has 600W surge protection and overload protection functions.

6. Adopting DC9-30V wide power input mode, DC1000V power isolation, reverse protection, to meet the needs of different industrial sites.

7. Adopting standard industrial 35mm guide rail installation method.

Specifications:

Electrical interface:

1. GE Genius SER1 and SER2 industrial terminal wiring;

2. Speed: 153.6K;

3. Equipped with 600W surge protection and overload protection functions;

Fiber optic interface:

1. Fiber wavelength: multimode: 850nm, 1310 nm;

2. Single mode: 1310 nm, 1550 nm;

3. Transmission fiber: multimode: 50/125, 62.5/125, 100/140um;

4. Single mode: 8.3/125, 9/125um, 10/125um;

5. Transmission distance: Multimode 2KM; Single mode: 10-60KM;

6. Fiber optic interface types: SC, ST, FC optional; Standard configuration: ST interface.

Other indicators:

1. Current power supply: DC9-30V; 500mA;

2. External dimensions: 120mm * 90mm * 50mm;

3. Working temperature: -10-70 ℃ (-40~+85 ℃ optional);

4. Relative humidity: ≤ 90% (non condensing);

5. Storage temperature: -40~80 ℃.

The Yaskawa frequency converter GA700 series has made its debut with a large capacity, capable of handling heavy loads of 400kW, 450kW, 500kW, and 560kW. The product capacity has been expanded to 560kW (heavy load)/630kW (light load), providing more application scenarios and industry solutions for everyone.

GA700 high-capacity model product features:

Excellent driving performance: equipped with a high-speed CPU, significantly improved control performance and responsiveness. Stable driving can still be achieved during impact loads. Thanks to excellent control methods, higher starting torque and overload capacity at low frequencies have been achieved.

Miniaturization: compact design can significantly save space, and the installation area is reduced by about 40% compared to before. Not only does it improve the flexibility of cabinet design, but it also makes installation simpler.

High frequency output: suitable for applications with high-speed rotation. Supports 590Hz drive for high-speed motors and does not require variable speed gears. It can achieve advantages such as miniaturization, low noise, and energy conservation of machinery.

Control of multiple motors: In addition to asynchronous and synchronous motors, it can also drive SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance) motors.

More energy-efficient: equipped with new energy-saving control functions. It can significantly improve the efficiency under light loads without setting parameters, ensuring that the energy conversion efficiency remains highly efficient and controlled.

Rich communication function: supports multiple communications, and one optional card supports 5 frequency converters to save costs.

Flexible Customizability: Upgrade the user customization tool DriveWorksEZ. By using this tool, even without a PLC, it is possible to customize fault prediction programs, simple positioning control, etc., providing additional value for customer equipment.

The GA700 high-capacity model, as a high-performance universal product, can be applied to industrial machinery that requires high instantaneous torque and high response performance, as well as fluid machinery such as fans and pumps. Especially suitable for sand mills, port machinery, metallurgy, fans, water pumps, extruders and other equipment.